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Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

The climate change mitigation technology CCS consists of three major parts:

  • capture of CO2 from a large stationary source (e.g., coal-fired power plant),
  • transport to a storage site (e.g., by pipeline), and
  • storage (e.g., injection into a saline aquifer).

The goal of CCS is to reduce anthropogenic carbon emissions by storing CO2 in the subsurface instead of emitting it into the atmosphere.

Following technologies are used for CO2 separation and capture.

We have done Simulation for cryogenic carbon capture using Natural gas with air as an oxidant and Oxygen as an oxident.  See case study-3 for details.

The objective of carbon mitigation through cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) from liquefied natural gas (LNG) combustion is to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, thereby contributing to the broader goals of combating climate change and improving environmental sustainability. This involves capturing CO₂ emissions at their source, preventing them from entering the atmosphere, and either storing the captured CO₂ securely or utilizing it in various industrial applications.

Specific Objectives

  1. Reduction of CO₂ Emissions:
    • Achieve an extensive reduction in CO₂ emissions from LNG combustion procedures by capturing a high percent (e.g., ≥ 90%) of the generated CO₂.
  2. Enhancement of Carbon Capture Efficiency:
    • Employ process optimization strategies to the cryogenic CO₂ capture system to obtain the maximum CO₂ capture efficiency at minimum energy intake for cooling.
  3. Integration with LNG Infrastructure:
    • Achieve seamless integrate of CCC technology with existing LNG combustion facilities, minimizing operational disruptions and capitalizing on the cold energy generated during LNG regasification to optimize overall system efficiency.
  4. Production of High-Purity CO₂:
    • Capture CO₂ in a purest form, appropriate for various applications such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR), chemical manufacturing, and other industrial uses, potentially creating additional revenue streams.
  5. Cost-Effectiveness:
    • Develop and implement CCC technology in a cost-effective manner, decreasing capex and opex through technological advancements and economies of scale.
  6. Compliance with Environmental Regulations:
    • Enable LNG facilities to meet stringent environmental regulations and carbon emissions targets, supporting national and international climate goals such as those outlined in the Paris Agreement followed by COP-26.
  7. Support for Carbon Utilization and Storage (CCUS):
    • Facilitate the use of captured CO₂ in carbon utilization and storage projects, contributing to the development of a circular carbon economy and reducing overall greenhouse gas concentrations.
  8. Promotion of Technological Innovation:
    • Drive innovation in cryogenic technologies and related fields, fostering improvements that can be applied to other carbon-intensive industries and enhancing global carbon mitigation efforts.

Long-Term Goals

  1. Decarbonization of the Energy Sector:
    • Contribute to the decarbonization of the energy sector by providing a viable solution for reducing emissions from LNG, a key transitional fuel in the shift from coal to renewable energy sources.
  2. Global Climate Change Mitigation:
    • Support global efforts to mitigate climate change by reducing the carbon footprint of LNG combustion, one of the significant sources of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions.
    • Accelerate global action to tackle climate change and achieve the goals set out in the Paris Agreement. This agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, ideally to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.
  3. Sustainable Industrial Practices:
    • Promote sustainable industrial practices by demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of integrating advanced carbon capture technologies in energy-intensive industries.

Implementation Strategies

  1. Research and Development (R&D):
    • Invest in R&D to improve the efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of CCC technologies. Focus areas include advanced cryogenic materials, process optimization, and integration with renewable energy sources.
  2. Pilot Projects and Demonstrations:
    • Conduct pilot projects and large-scale demonstrations to validate the performance of CCC systems in real-world LNG combustion scenario, gather data, and refine technologies based on practical insights.
  3. Collaboration and Partnerships:
    • Foster collaboration between industry stakeholders, research institutions, and government agencies to accelerate the development and deployment of CCC technologies. Partnerships can help share risks, costs, and technical expertise.
  4. Regulatory Support and Incentives:
    • Advocate for regulatory frameworks and incentives that support the adoption of CCC technologies. Policies such as carbon pricing, tax credits, and grants can help offset initial costs and encourage investment.
  5. Public Awareness and Education:
    • Raise awareness about the benefits of CCC and the role of LNG in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Educating stakeholders and the public can build support for carbon capture initiatives and sustainable energy practices.

By achieving these objectives, cryogenic carbon capture from LNG combustion can play a critical role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, supporting climate goals, and promoting sustainable energy practices, and step toward to be carbon net neutral.